PROJECT TITLE: Evaluate spawning of fall Chinook and chum salmon just below the four lowermost Columbia River mainstem dams.

PROJECT GOAL:  The continuing purpose of this on-going project is to assess the extent of spawning by ESA-listed chum and fall Chinook salmon in the mainstem Columbia River so that the Federal Columbia River Power System (FCRPS) can be managed to protect and enhance these important populations.  Our primary focus is to determine what conditions must exist to provide successful spawning and rearing below mainstem dams and what measures must be taken to protect those fish.

PROJECT COORDINATION:  This is a cooperative project implemented under 5 BPA contracts with the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW), Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission (PSMFC), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL).

PROJECT OBJECTIVES:  This project has four biological objectives (see below).   Objectives listed here correspond to the Biological Objectives presented in Section 6 of the proposal submitted under the Mainstem/Systemwide Province for funding in FY2007-2009.  All four objectives will be addressed simultaneously over the three year period covered by this proposal as a series of tasks conducted by ODFW, PSMFC, USFWS, USGS, and PNNL.  Continued implementation of this project will result in an improved understanding of the relationship between operation of the FCRPS and protection of mainstem spawning salmon populations.  Funding will allow continued in-season management of the hydrosystem, reducing harm to mainstem spawning and incubation.  We have developed a series of tasks designed to inform regional fish managers regarding status and trends of mainstem spawning populations of chum and fall Chinook salmon.  These tasks will allow us to collect and report on abundance and productivity metrics, spatial structure, and genetic diversity that are essential for describing population viability and trends in abundance.  They will further our understanding of the spawning habitat requirements for these fish, especially as they relate to hydrosystem operation.  

PROJECT OBJECTIVE 1 - Describe abundance, spatial and temporal distribution, and possible stock origins of chum and fall Chinook salmon spawning in the mainstem Columbia River.  (Responsible Agencies: ODFW, PSMFC, PNNL)

PROJECT OBJECTIVE 2 - Describe abundance, spatial and temporal distribution, and possible stock origins of chum and fall Chinook salmon spawning in Columbia River tributaries downstream from The Dalles Dam.  (Responsible Agency: PSMFC)

PROJECT OBJECTIVE 3 - Describe emergence timing, and size at and time of emigration from local rearing areas.  (Responsible Agencies: ODFW, PSMFC, PNNL)

PROJECT OBJECTIVE 4 - Describe physical habitat use and requirements for fall Chinook salmon in the Columbia River downstream from The Dalles, John Day, and McNary dams and for chum salmon downstream from Bonneville Dam.  (Responsible Agencies: USFWS, USGS, ODFW, PSMFC, PNNL)

There are 64 well defined tasks or subtasks under these 4 objectives listed in Section F of the proposal (with the responsible agency shown for each task).    Each agency takes the lead on specific tasks based on special skills and/or knowledge in those areas.  To summarize, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission leads the adult portion, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife leads the juvenile portion, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service leads the habitat portion, PNNL contributes to adult, juvenile and habitat work and USGS is responsible for the redd superimposition work.

PNNL CONTRACT DESCRIPTION:

The following list of PNNL Work Elements shows how each fits within the 4 project objectives.

OBJECTIVE 1 - Describe abundance, spatial and temporal distribution, and possible stock origins of chum and fall Chinook salmon spawning in the mainstem Columbia River.
Work Elements:
B. 157- Locate and map chum salmon deepwater spawning areas
C. 157- Locate and map fall Chinook salmon deepwater spawning areas

OBJECTIVE 2 - Describe abundance, spatial and temporal distribution, and possible stock origins of chum and fall Chinook salmon spawning in Columbia River tributaries downstream from The Dalles Dam.
Work Elements: There are no PNNL work elements under this objective.

OBJECTIVE 3 - Describe emergence timing, and size at and time of emigration from local rearing areas.
Work Elements:
D. 157 - Monitor bed temperatures and water surface elevations in chum salmon spawning locations
E. 157 - Monitor bed temperatures and water surface elevations in fall Chinook salmon spawning locations


OBJECTIVE 4 - Describe physical habitat use and requirements for fall Chinook salmon in the Columbia River downstream from The Dalles, John Day, and McNary dams and for chum salmon downstream from Bonneville Dam.
Work Elements:
F. 157 - Deploy egg baskets to estimate egg to fry survival of chum salmonFG. 162 - Estimate egg to fry survival of juvenile chum salmon
G. 157 - Map bed temperatures in chum salmon spawning locations over a range of river discharges
I. 162 - Assess hyporheic water temperatures and flow in chum salmon spawning areas
J. 162 - Assess hyporheic water temperatures and flow in fall Chinook spawning areas.
K. 162 - Evaluate increased production potential of chum salmon using artificial hyporheic upwelling